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Business & economics

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Sample exercises

Grades 8–12 · Enterprise & economic reasoning

What is opportunity cost?

  1. The sum of every imaginable alternative.
  2. Only the amount printed on a receipt.
  3. The value of the next-best alternative given up.
Answer and explanation

The value of the next-best alternative given up.

The forgone next-best option is the comparison.

Grades 8–12 · Enterprise & economic reasoning

A fictional project receives 200 units of revenue and has 140 units of stated cost. Find its accounting surplus before any other costs.

Answer and explanation

60

200 − 140 = 60 units under the limited definition.

Grades 8–12 · Enterprise & economic reasoning

A marginal cost concerns what?

  1. Only all historical costs together.
  2. Only a sunk cost.
  3. The extra cost of an additional change or unit.
Answer and explanation

The extra cost of an additional change or unit.

Marginal means additional at the margin.

Grades 8–12 · Enterprise & economic reasoning

Why can a free activity still have an opportunity cost?

Answer and explanation

It uses time or resources that could have been used for another valued activity.

A zero monetary price does not imply no forgone alternative.

Grades 8–12 · Enterprise & economic reasoning

An extra batch earns 40 units and adds 25 units of stated cost. Find the incremental surplus.

Answer and explanation

15

40 − 25 = 15.

Grades 8–12 · Enterprise & economic reasoning

Why should a decision consider who receives benefits and who bears costs?

Answer and explanation

Totals can hide unequal effects across people.

Distribution can matter alongside aggregate amounts.

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