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Sample exercises Grades 8–12 · Enterprise & economic reasoning What is opportunity cost? The sum of every imaginable alternative. Only the amount printed on a receipt. The value of the next-best alternative given up. Answer and explanation The value of the next-best alternative given up.
The forgone next-best option is the comparison.
Grades 8–12 · Enterprise & economic reasoning A fictional project receives 200 units of revenue and has 140 units of stated cost. Find its accounting surplus before any other costs. Answer and explanation 60
200 − 140 = 60 units under the limited definition.
Grades 8–12 · Enterprise & economic reasoning A marginal cost concerns what? Only all historical costs together. Only a sunk cost. The extra cost of an additional change or unit. Answer and explanation The extra cost of an additional change or unit.
Marginal means additional at the margin.
Grades 8–12 · Enterprise & economic reasoning Why can a free activity still have an opportunity cost? Answer and explanation It uses time or resources that could have been used for another valued activity.
A zero monetary price does not imply no forgone alternative.
Grades 8–12 · Enterprise & economic reasoning An extra batch earns 40 units and adds 25 units of stated cost. Find the incremental surplus. Answer and explanation 15
40 − 25 = 15.
Grades 8–12 · Enterprise & economic reasoning Why should a decision consider who receives benefits and who bears costs? Answer and explanation Totals can hide unequal effects across people.
Distribution can matter alongside aggregate amounts.
Study notes Use a simple decision model without assuming every value has a price.
Grades 8–12 Use a simple decision model without assuming every value has a price.
Grades 8–12 Calculate only from the costs and assumptions provided.
Grades 9–12 Calculate only from the costs and assumptions provided.
Grades 9–12 Fixed cost is unchanged over the stated output range; variable cost changes with output in the specified model. Real classifications depend on time horizon.
Grades 9–12 Fixed cost is unchanged over the stated output range; variable cost changes with output in the specified model. Real classifications depend on time horizon.
Grades 9–12 A resource controlled by an entity from which future benefit is expected.
University A resource controlled by an entity from which future benefit is expected.
University A dated record of accounts and debit/credit amounts for a transaction.
University A dated record of accounts and debit/credit amounts for a transaction.
University A report of revenue and expenses over a period.
University A report of revenue and expenses over a period.
University The ability to meet near-term obligations with available resources.
University The ability to meet near-term obligations with available resources.
University A specific outcome a project is intended to achieve.
University A specific outcome a project is intended to achieve.
University A unit of work with a defined outcome.
University A unit of work with a defined outcome.
University An uncertain event or condition that could affect objectives.
University An uncertain event or condition that could affect objectives.
University A person or group affected by or able to influence the project.
University A person or group affected by or able to influence the project.
University The group a message or offer is designed to reach.
University The group a message or offer is designed to reach.
University A stage where a person first becomes familiar with an offer or need.
University A stage where a person first becomes familiar with an offer or need.
University A medium used to reach an audience, such as search, email or social media.
University A medium used to reach an audience, such as search, email or social media.
University Conversions divided by eligible visits or opportunities under a defined measurement rule.
University Conversions divided by eligible visits or opportunities under a defined measurement rule.
University Assume constant per-unit values and no capacity limits; this is an educational accounting model.
Grades 9–12 Assume constant per-unit values and no capacity limits; this is an educational accounting model.
Grades 9–12 This uses the signed elasticity convention; the absolute magnitude is sometimes reported instead.
University This uses the signed elasticity convention; the absolute magnitude is sometimes reported instead.
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