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Grade 2 · Science · curriculum collection

Grade 2 Science, NGSS domains

5 units for Grade 2 science, organised by NGSS disciplinary core idea domain: Physical Sciences, Life Sciences. Each unit has a short lesson, a practice worksheet and a review worksheet, both with answer keys.

5 units10 worksheets100 questions with answers

Answer-checked and approved on 29 October 2026

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Aligned by StudyBrix at domain level. Not an official publication of, or endorsed by, the standards' authors. Framework: Next Generation Science Standards.

Units in teaching order

01

PS Physical Sciences

Matter & forces

Properties of materials, states of matter, forces and simple measurements of motion and density.

Short lesson: Hard or soft?

Study guide for Kindergarten to Grade 2: 2 worked examples and 2 practice questions. Press gently: a hard object keeps its shape, a soft object squashes or bends.

Press gently: a hard object keeps its shape, a soft object squashes or bends.

Worked example

Which one is softer: a cotton ball or a rock?

A rock is hard: it keeps its shape when you press it. A cotton ball is soft: it squashes when you press it.

Answer: a cotton ball

Read the full study guide

Worksheets

A practice worksheet and a review worksheet, 10 and 10 questions.

Practice worksheet: 10 questions
  1. Is a wooden block a solid, a liquid or a gas?

    1. a solid
    2. a gas
    3. a liquid
  2. Which one is harder: a feather or a wooden block?

    1. a feather
    2. a wooden block
  3. Which material property is most useful for the outside of a raincoat?

    1. absorbs lots of water
    2. resists water passing through
    3. dissolves in rain
    4. breaks when folded
  4. A stretched elastic band changes

    1. its name only
    2. the number written on it only
    3. shape
    4. the day of the week
  5. Why should test results be reported with their conditions?

  6. An ice cube is left on a plate in a warm room. What happens to it?

    1. Nothing changes.
    2. It melts into liquid water.
    3. It gets bigger and harder.
  7. Is a rock a solid, a liquid or a gas?

    1. a liquid
    2. a solid
    3. a gas
  8. Which one is harder: a rock or a sponge?

    1. a rock
    2. a sponge
  9. Which observation describes flexibility?

    1. The strip blocks light.
    2. The strip is red.
    3. The strip weighs 8 g.
    4. The strip bends without breaking.
  10. Opening a drawer toward you is mainly a

    1. sound
    2. shadow
    3. pull
    4. melt
Answer key
  1. a solid A solid keeps its own shape.
  2. a wooden block A wooden block is hard: it keeps its shape when you press it. A feather is soft: it squashes when you press it.
  3. resists water passing through
  4. shape
  5. Performance can change under different loads, temperatures or moisture. Avoid claiming a limited test proves universal suitability.
  6. It melts into liquid water. Warmth melts ice: a solid changes into a liquid.
  7. a solid A solid keeps its own shape.
  8. a rock A rock is hard: it keeps its shape when you press it. A sponge is soft: it squashes when you press it.
  9. The strip bends without breaking.
  10. pull
Review worksheet: 10 questions
  1. Which one is softer: a rock or a sponge?

    1. a sponge
    2. a rock
  2. Does bending a wire necessarily create a new chemical substance?

    1. Yes, every shape change does.
    2. No.
    3. Only if it is long.
  3. Is tap water a solid, a liquid or a gas?

    1. a solid
    2. a liquid
    3. a gas
  4. Moving a toy away with your hand is mainly a

    1. evaporation
    2. freeze
    3. push
    4. reflection
  5. A towel takes up a spill. Which property is useful?

    1. transparent
    2. shiny
    3. brittle
    4. absorbent
  6. A cup of water is put in a freezer overnight. What happens?

    1. The water disappears completely.
    2. The water boils.
    3. The water freezes into ice.
  7. Which one is softer: a sponge or a brick?

    1. a sponge
    2. a brick
  8. One sample has mass 12 g and another 19 g. How much heavier is the second?

  9. Is orange juice a solid, a liquid or a gas?

    1. a gas
    2. a solid
    3. a liquid
  10. Give an example in which a force changes an object’s shape without moving it across a room.

Answer key
  1. a sponge A rock is hard: it keeps its shape when you press it. A sponge is soft: it squashes when you press it.
  2. No. A shape change can be physical.
  3. a liquid A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container.
  4. push
  5. absorbent
  6. The water freezes into ice. Cold freezes water: a liquid changes into a solid.
  7. a sponge A brick is hard: it keeps its shape when you press it. A sponge is soft: it squashes when you press it.
  8. 7 g 19 − 12 = 7 g.
  9. a liquid A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container.
  10. Accept squeezing a sponge, stretching an elastic band or another appropriate example.
02

PS Physical Sciences

Waves & sound

Wave speed, frequency, period and sound.

Short lesson: Sound and vibrations

Study guide for Grades 1 to 4: 2 worked examples and 2 practice questions. Sounds come from vibrations. Loudness depends on how big the vibrations are; pitch depends on how fast they are.

vibration → sound; bigger vibration → louder

Sounds come from vibrations. Loudness depends on how big the vibrations are; pitch depends on how fast they are.

Worked example

A drum is tapped gently and then hit harder. What happens to the sound?

A harder hit makes bigger vibrations and a louder sound.

Answer: It gets louder.

Read the full study guide

Worksheets

A practice worksheet and a review worksheet, 10 and 10 questions.

Practice worksheet: 10 questions
  1. Why is pressing an ear close to a loud speaker a poor investigation method?

  2. Which sound is louder: a thunderclap or a cat purring?

    1. a cat purring
    2. a thunderclap
  3. A quiet whistle and a loud drum can differ in which two ways?

    1. Only colour
    2. Neither sound property
    3. Both pitch and loudness
  4. What must an object do to make a sound?

    1. change colour
    2. vibrate (move back and forth quickly)
    3. get colder
  5. Give an example of a sound source and the part that vibrates.

  6. Which sound is louder: a fire truck siren or rustling leaves?

    1. rustling leaves
    2. a fire truck siren
  7. Does hearing a bell mean small pieces of metal travel into your ear?

  8. Which sound is louder: a ticking watch or a fire truck siren?

    1. a ticking watch
    2. a fire truck siren
  9. Which observation supports the idea that a ruler can vibrate?

    1. Its paint is blue.
    2. Its numbers are printed in black.
    3. Its free end moves rapidly back and forth.
  10. Which sound is louder: a thunderclap or a pencil writing on paper?

    1. a pencil writing on paper
    2. a thunderclap
Answer key
  1. It may be unsafe for hearing; a quieter controlled observation is better. Credit hearing safety and a lower-intensity alternative, not exposure testing.
  2. a thunderclap A thunderclap is a loud sound; a cat purring is a quiet sound.
  3. Both pitch and loudness The sounds can differ in pitch and loudness independently.
  4. vibrate (move back and forth quickly) All sounds are made by vibrations.
  5. For example, a guitar string vibrates after being plucked. Credit a plausible source and correctly identified vibrating part.
  6. a fire truck siren A fire truck siren is a loud sound; rustling leaves is a quiet sound.
  7. No. Vibrations transfer through the air; pieces of bell do not need to travel. Look for distinction between a wave disturbance and bulk transport of the source.
  8. a fire truck siren A fire truck siren is a loud sound; a ticking watch is a quiet sound.
  9. Its free end moves rapidly back and forth. Repeated motion is evidence of vibration rather than just appearance.
  10. a thunderclap A thunderclap is a loud sound; a pencil writing on paper is a quiet sound.
Review worksheet: 10 questions
  1. Which sound is quieter: a jet plane taking off or a cat purring?

    1. a jet plane taking off
    2. a cat purring
  2. Which can carry ordinary sound across a classroom?

    1. Air
    2. Only visible light
    3. A perfect vacuum
  3. Which sound is quieter: a jet plane taking off or a ticking watch?

    1. a jet plane taking off
    2. a ticking watch
  4. A gently plucked elastic band moves back and forth. What is that motion called?

    1. Vibration
    2. Melting
    3. Orbiting
  5. Which sound is louder: rustling leaves or a lawn mower?

    1. rustling leaves
    2. a lawn mower
  6. Which pair describes two different sound properties?

    1. Pitch and height of the table
    2. Loudness and pitch
    3. Loudness and loudness
  7. Which sound is louder: a marching band drum or rustling leaves?

    1. a marching band drum
    2. rustling leaves
  8. Which sound is louder: a whisper or a marching band drum?

    1. a whisper
    2. a marching band drum
  9. Which sound is quieter: rustling leaves or a marching band drum?

    1. rustling leaves
    2. a marching band drum
  10. Which sound is quieter: a jet plane taking off or rustling leaves?

    1. rustling leaves
    2. a jet plane taking off
Answer key
  1. a cat purring A jet plane taking off is a loud sound; a cat purring is a quiet sound.
  2. Air Sound propagates through a material medium such as air.
  3. a ticking watch A jet plane taking off is a loud sound; a ticking watch is a quiet sound.
  4. Vibration Repeated back-and-forth motion is vibration.
  5. a lawn mower A lawn mower is a loud sound; rustling leaves is a quiet sound.
  6. Loudness and pitch Pitch relates to perceived frequency; loudness relates to perception of sound strength.
  7. a marching band drum A marching band drum is a loud sound; rustling leaves is a quiet sound.
  8. a marching band drum A marching band drum is a loud sound; a whisper is a quiet sound.
  9. rustling leaves A marching band drum is a loud sound; rustling leaves is a quiet sound.
  10. rustling leaves A jet plane taking off is a loud sound; rustling leaves is a quiet sound.
03

PS Physical Sciences

Light & optics

Light, shadows, reflection, refraction and lenses.

Short lesson: Light and shadows

Study guide for Grades 1 to 4: 2 worked examples and 2 practice questions. Sort objects: does it make its own light? Does light pass through it (transparent) or is it blocked (opaque)?

light travels in straight lines; opaque objects block it

Sort objects: does it make its own light? Does light pass through it (transparent) or is it blocked (opaque)?

Worked example

Which one lets light pass through so you can see clearly through it: clear window glass or a thick book?

Clear window glass is transparent: light passes through it. A thick book is opaque: it blocks light and can make a shadow.

Answer: clear window glass

Read the full study guide

Worksheets

A practice worksheet and a review worksheet, 10 and 10 questions.

Practice worksheet: 10 questions
  1. Which one lets light pass through so you can see clearly through it: a thick book or clean water in a glass?

    1. clean water in a glass
    2. a thick book
  2. Does a shadow prove that an object makes its own light? Explain.

  3. Which one makes its own light: a mirror or a flashlight that is on?

    1. a flashlight that is on
    2. a mirror
  4. Which item normally produces its own visible light when switched on?

    1. An unlit book
    2. A torch
    3. A wooden ruler
  5. Which one makes its own light: a bicycle reflector or a flashlight that is on?

    1. a bicycle reflector
    2. a flashlight that is on
  6. Which is a safe way to investigate a shadow?

    1. Use a torch pointed at a wall away from eyes.
    2. Aim a bright beam into a friend's eyes.
    3. Stare into the Sun.
  7. Which one makes its own light: the Sun or a shiny spoon?

    1. the Sun
    2. a shiny spoon
  8. Explain why a shadow can move even when the object stays still.

  9. A shadow forms when an object does what to light?

    1. It changes the colour of the light to black.
    2. It makes more light.
    3. It blocks the light.
  10. How could you compare two materials' ability to pass light fairly?

Answer key
  1. clean water in a glass Clean water in a glass is transparent: light passes through it. A thick book is opaque: it blocks light and can make a shadow.
  2. No. A shadow usually shows that the object blocked light from another source. Look for the difference between emitting light and blocking light.
  3. a flashlight that is on A flashlight that is on gives off its own light. A mirror only reflects light that shines on it.
  4. A torch A working torch is a light source; the ruler and book are normally seen by reflected light.
  5. a flashlight that is on A flashlight that is on gives off its own light. A bicycle reflector only reflects light that shines on it.
  6. Use a torch pointed at a wall away from eyes. A controlled low-intensity classroom setup avoids direct eye exposure.
  7. the Sun The Sun gives off its own light. A shiny spoon only reflects light that shines on it.
  8. The light source can move, changing which paths are blocked. Accept a change in source position or direction with a coherent explanation.
  9. It blocks the light. A shadow is a dark area where an object blocks light.
  10. Use the same light, distance and background, and change only the material. Credit controlling the light and geometry rather than judging different setups.
Review worksheet: 10 questions
  1. Which one lets light pass through so you can see clearly through it: a metal pan or clear plastic wrap?

    1. clear plastic wrap
    2. a metal pan
  2. Which material usually lets you see a clear image through it?

    1. Thick cardboard
    2. Clear window glass
    3. A wooden board
  3. Which one lets light pass through so you can see clearly through it: clear plastic wrap or a thick book?

    1. a thick book
    2. clear plastic wrap
  4. What makes a shadow behind an opaque card?

    1. The card blocks some light.
    2. The card sends out darkness.
    3. The card removes gravity.
  5. Which one makes its own light: a firefly or the Moon?

    1. the Moon
    2. a firefly
  6. Which sequence explains seeing a red book in a lit room?

    1. Eye → book → lamp
    2. Book → gravity → eye
    3. Lamp → book → eye
  7. Which one lets light pass through so you can see clearly through it: clean water in a glass or a metal pan?

    1. a metal pan
    2. clean water in a glass
  8. Which one lets light pass through so you can see clearly through it: clear plastic wrap or a cardboard box?

    1. clear plastic wrap
    2. a cardboard box
  9. Which one lets light pass through so you can see clearly through it: clear window glass or a wooden door?

    1. a wooden door
    2. clear window glass
  10. Which one lets light pass through so you can see clearly through it: clean water in a glass or a wooden door?

    1. clean water in a glass
    2. a wooden door
Answer key
  1. clear plastic wrap Clear plastic wrap is transparent: light passes through it. A metal pan is opaque: it blocks light and can make a shadow.
  2. Clear window glass Clear glass transmits visible light with relatively little scattering.
  3. clear plastic wrap Clear plastic wrap is transparent: light passes through it. A thick book is opaque: it blocks light and can make a shadow.
  4. The card blocks some light. A shadow is a region reached by less direct light.
  5. a firefly A firefly gives off its own light. The Moon only reflects light that shines on it.
  6. Lamp → book → eye Light illuminates the book and some reflected light reaches the eye.
  7. clean water in a glass Clean water in a glass is transparent: light passes through it. A metal pan is opaque: it blocks light and can make a shadow.
  8. clear plastic wrap Clear plastic wrap is transparent: light passes through it. A cardboard box is opaque: it blocks light and can make a shadow.
  9. clear window glass Clear window glass is transparent: light passes through it. A wooden door is opaque: it blocks light and can make a shadow.
  10. clean water in a glass Clean water in a glass is transparent: light passes through it. A wooden door is opaque: it blocks light and can make a shadow.
04

PS Physical Sciences

Magnetism & induction

Magnets, magnetic fields and electromagnetism.

Short lesson: Magnets: test rather than guess

Study guide for Grades 2 to 5: 4 key ideas, including two poles, materials and contact is not required; 2 worked examples and 3 practice questions. Distinguish attraction, repulsion and the limits of material generalizations.

  • Two poles. A bar magnet has north and south poles. Like poles repel and unlike poles attract.
  • Materials. Iron and many steels can respond strongly to a magnet. Not every metal is strongly attracted.
  • Contact is not required. A magnetic interaction can act across a small gap. Its effect can change with separation.
  • Fair observation. Compare objects at similar distances. Keep small magnets away from mouths and follow adult supervision.

Worked example

Two north poles are brought near each other. What interaction is expected?

Like magnetic poles repel.

Answer: Repulsion

Read the full study guide

Worksheets

A practice worksheet and a review worksheet, 10 and 10 questions.

Practice worksheet: 10 questions
  1. A north pole approaches a south pole. What is expected?

    1. The poles disappear
    2. Attraction
    3. Repulsion only
  2. Which object will a magnet pull toward it: a steel safety pin or a cotton sock?

    1. a steel safety pin
    2. a cotton sock
  3. Two magnets are held with their north poles facing each other. What happens?

    1. Nothing happens.
    2. They push each other away (repel).
    3. They pull together (attract).
  4. Two north poles are brought near each other. What interaction is expected?

    1. Repulsion
    2. No magnetic interaction is possible
    3. Attraction only
  5. Which object will a magnet pull toward it: an iron nail or a copper wire?

    1. a copper wire
    2. an iron nail
  6. Two magnets are held with their south poles facing each other. What happens?

    1. They push each other away (repel).
    2. Nothing happens.
    3. They pull together (attract).
  7. What should you do with small magnets in a classroom?

    1. Follow adult supervision and keep them out of mouths.
    2. Swallow one to test attraction.
    3. Leave them with toddlers.
  8. Which object will a magnet pull toward it: a steel safety pin or a wooden spoon?

    1. a steel safety pin
    2. a wooden spoon
  9. What are the two ends of a bar magnet called?

    1. poles (north and south)
    2. corners
    3. handles
  10. A coin is not attracted. Does that prove the magnet is broken?

Answer key
  1. Attraction Unlike poles attract.
  2. a steel safety pin Magnets attract objects that contain iron, such as steel. A steel safety pin contains iron; a cotton sock does not.
  3. They push each other away (repel). Like poles repel; opposite poles attract.
  4. Repulsion Like magnetic poles repel.
  5. an iron nail Magnets attract objects that contain iron, such as steel. An iron nail contains iron; a copper wire does not.
  6. They push each other away (repel). Like poles repel; opposite poles attract.
  7. Follow adult supervision and keep them out of mouths. Small magnets pose hazards and are not toys for unsupervised mouthing.
  8. a steel safety pin Magnets attract objects that contain iron, such as steel. A steel safety pin contains iron; a wooden spoon does not.
  9. poles (north and south) The ends of a magnet, where the pull is strongest, are its poles.
  10. No. Some metals are not strongly attracted; test a known suitable object too. Accept using a comparison object rather than assuming all metals behave alike.
Review worksheet: 10 questions
  1. Which object will a magnet pull toward it: an iron bolt or a wooden spoon?

    1. a wooden spoon
    2. an iron bolt
  2. The north pole of one magnet is brought near the south pole of another. What happens?

    1. Nothing happens.
    2. They push each other away (repel).
    3. They pull together (attract).
  3. Why should two objects be tested at the same distance from a magnet?

  4. Which object will a magnet pull toward it: a steel bottle cap or a sheet of paper?

    1. a sheet of paper
    2. a steel bottle cap
  5. Which way does a compass needle point?

    1. toward the ground
    2. always toward the Sun
    3. toward magnetic north
  6. Must a magnet touch an iron object to exert a force on it?

    1. Only if the object is red
    2. Yes, always
    3. No
  7. Which object will a magnet pull toward it: an aluminium can or a steel bottle cap?

    1. a steel bottle cap
    2. an aluminium can
  8. Can a magnet pull a steel paper clip through a thin sheet of paper?

    1. Yes, magnetic force can act through paper.
    2. No, magnets only work when they touch.
  9. Describe evidence for magnetic repulsion without saying that objects touch.

  10. Which object will a magnet pull toward it: a sheet of paper or an iron nail?

    1. a sheet of paper
    2. an iron nail
Answer key
  1. an iron bolt Magnets attract objects that contain iron, such as steel. An iron bolt contains iron; a wooden spoon does not.
  2. They pull together (attract). Like poles repel; opposite poles attract.
  3. Distance affects the interaction, so it should not change during the comparison. Credit a controlled variable and its purpose.
  4. a steel bottle cap Magnets attract objects that contain iron, such as steel. A steel bottle cap contains iron; a sheet of paper does not.
  5. toward magnetic north A compass needle is a small magnet that lines up with Earth’s magnetism.
  6. No Magnetic forces can act across a gap.
  7. a steel bottle cap Magnets attract objects that contain iron, such as steel. A steel bottle cap contains iron; an aluminium can does not.
  8. Yes, magnetic force can act through paper. Magnetic force can act through thin, non-magnetic materials.
  9. Two nearby like poles move apart or resist being brought closer. Credit a observable effect consistent with repulsion across a gap.
  10. an iron nail Magnets attract objects that contain iron, such as steel. An iron nail contains iron; a sheet of paper does not.
05

LS Life Sciences

Living things

Living and non-living things, what living things need, senses, habitats and animal groups.

Short lesson: Life cycles

Study guide for Grades 1 to 4: 2 worked examples and 2 practice questions. Every living thing goes through stages in order. Some animals, like frogs and butterflies, change shape completely.

egg → young → adult → new eggs

Every living thing goes through stages in order. Some animals, like frogs and butterflies, change shape completely.

Worked example

Which stage comes first in the life cycle of a frog: adult frog or egg?

Life cycle of a frog: egg → tadpole → young frog → adult frog.

Answer: egg

Read the full study guide

Worksheets

A practice worksheet and a review worksheet, 10 and 10 questions.

Practice worksheet: 10 questions
  1. Which stage comes first in the life cycle of a butterfly: egg or caterpillar?

    1. caterpillar
    2. egg
  2. Which one is a living thing: a cow or a toy car?

    1. a cow
    2. a toy car
  3. Living things and their needs: which term fits this description? A plant structure that usually anchors the plant and takes in soil water.

    1. Root
    2. Life cycle
    3. Predator
    4. Camouflage
  4. Which animal is a fish: a cod or a crocodile?

    1. a cod
    2. a crocodile
  5. Which body part do you use most to notice the scent of bread baking?

    1. tongue
    2. eyes
    3. nose
  6. Which is a nonliving part of a habitat?

    1. soil temperature
    2. a fungus
    3. a beetle
    4. a grass plant
  7. Draw an animal and its home. Tell how the home helps it.

  8. Which stage comes first in the life cycle of a butterfly: adult butterfly or egg?

    1. egg
    2. adult butterfly
  9. Which one is a living thing: a pencil or a sunflower?

    1. a pencil
    2. a sunflower
  10. Living things and their needs: which term fits this description? The reproductive structure of a flowering plant.

    1. Insect
    2. Life cycle
    3. Pollination
    4. Flower
Answer key
  1. egg Life cycle of a butterfly: egg → caterpillar → chrysalis → adult butterfly.
  2. a cow A cow is living: it grows, needs food and water, and can make more of its own kind. A toy car is not living.
  3. Root Root: A plant structure that usually anchors the plant and takes in soil water.
  4. a cod A cod is a fish: it lives in water and breathes with gills. A crocodile is a reptile.
  5. nose Sense: smell. Body part: nose.
  6. soil temperature Temperature is an abiotic condition.
  7. Accept a matching animal and habitat, such as a bird and its nest that keeps eggs safe. Accept any accurate, well-supported response; this sample is one possibility.
  8. egg Life cycle of a butterfly: egg → caterpillar → chrysalis → adult butterfly.
  9. a sunflower A sunflower is living: it grows, needs food and water, and can make more of its own kind. A pencil is not living.
  10. Flower Flower: The reproductive structure of a flowering plant.
Review worksheet: 10 questions
  1. Which one is a living thing: a teddy bear or a cow?

    1. a teddy bear
    2. a cow
  2. Which animal is a reptile: a crocodile or a whale?

    1. a crocodile
    2. a whale
  3. Which stage comes first in the life cycle of a ladybug: adult ladybug or larva?

    1. adult ladybug
    2. larva
  4. Which sense helps you hear a bell ring?

    1. touch
    2. hearing
    3. taste
  5. Living things and their needs: which term fits this description? An animal with a backbone.

    1. Germination
    2. Carnivore
    3. Invertebrate
    4. Vertebrate
  6. Which example describes camouflage?

    1. A moth's colour resembles the bark it rests on.
    2. A plant grows roots.
    3. A bird makes a loud call.
    4. A fish swims quickly.
  7. Where does a fish live?

    1. in the sand
    2. in water
    3. in a tree
  8. Which one is a living thing: a key or a bird?

    1. a bird
    2. a key
  9. Which animal is a mammal: a turtle or a mouse?

    1. a turtle
    2. a mouse
  10. Which stage comes first in the life cycle of a human: baby or adult?

    1. adult
    2. baby
Answer key
  1. a cow A cow is living: it grows, needs food and water, and can make more of its own kind. A teddy bear is not living.
  2. a crocodile A crocodile is a reptile: it has dry, scaly skin. A whale is a mammal.
  3. larva Life cycle of a ladybug: egg → larva → pupa → adult ladybug.
  4. hearing Sense: hearing. Body part: ears.
  5. Vertebrate Vertebrate: An animal with a backbone.
  6. A moth's colour resembles the bark it rests on. Similarity to the background can make an organism harder to notice.
  7. in water Fish live and breathe in water.
  8. a bird A bird is living: it grows, needs food and water, and can make more of its own kind. A key is not living.
  9. a mouse A mouse is a mammal: it breathes air and feeds its babies milk. A turtle is a reptile.
  10. baby Life cycle of a human: baby → child → teenager → adult.