Two cups at the same temperature must have which property equal?
- Mass
- Total internal energy
- Temperature
Answer and explanation
Temperature
Equal temperature does not imply equal mass or internal energy.
Subjects
Thermal physics
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Sample exercises
A sample warms from 18 °C to 31 °C. Find temperature change.
Answer and explanation
13 °C
31 − 18 = 13 °C.
Heat transfer is caused by which difference in the basic model?
- Colour alone
- A difference in names
- Temperature difference
Answer and explanation
Temperature difference
Heat refers to energy transfer due to temperature difference.
Why can a large warm bath contain more internal energy than a tiny hotter drop?
Answer and explanation
Internal energy depends on amount and material as well as temperature.
Credit sample size and avoid equating a hotter reading with a greater total automatically.
Without external intervention, net heat transfer is ordinarily from where to where?
- Cooler to hotter always
- Neither can exchange energy
- Hotter to cooler
Answer and explanation
Hotter to cooler
This describes spontaneous net thermal transfer between bodies.
Convert a temperature of 20 °C to kelvin using K = °C + 273.15.
Answer and explanation
293.15 K
20 + 273.15 = 293.15 K.
Study notes
Temperature is not total thermal energy
Separate a temperature reading from energy transfer and system size.
Grades 7–10Temperature is not total thermal energy · Revision sheet
Separate a temperature reading from energy transfer and system size.
Grades 7–10Conduction, convection and radiation
Identify transfer mechanisms and explain insulation as slowing transfer.
Grades 7–10Conduction, convection and radiation · Revision sheet
Identify transfer mechanisms and explain insulation as slowing transfer.
Grades 7–10Heating versus changing state
Choose between mcΔT and mL using the physical process.
Grades 9–12Heating versus changing state · Revision sheet
Choose between mcΔT and mL using the physical process.
Grades 9–12Energy for a temperature rise
Assume constant specific heat, no phase change and no energy loss.
Grades 9–12Energy for a phase change
At the phase-change temperature, use latent heat rather than a temperature-rise formula.
Grades 10–12Ideal mixing temperature
Both portions have the same constant specific heat; no phase change, container heating or loss.
Grades 10–12Steady conduction through a slab
Use a uniform slab, steady temperatures and one-dimensional conduction.
Grades 11–12Thermal physics · Formula reference
Formula reference
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