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Rhythm & musical structure in Art & music

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Sample exercises

Grades 9–12 · Rhythm & musical structure

What does the marking p (piano) mean?

  1. slow
  2. fast
  3. soft
  4. loud
Answer and explanation

soft

Piano means soft.

Grades 9–12 · Rhythm & musical structure

What does the marking f (forte) mean?

  1. slow
  2. smooth
  3. loud
  4. soft
Answer and explanation

loud

Forte means loud.

Grades 9–12 · Rhythm & musical structure

Which marking means gradually getting louder?

  1. ritardando
  2. decrescendo
  3. crescendo
  4. staccato
Answer and explanation

crescendo

Crescendo means gradually louder.

Grades 9–12 · Rhythm & musical structure

Which tempo marking means a walking pace?

  1. andante
  2. allegro
  3. presto
  4. largo
Answer and explanation

andante

Andante is a moderate, walking pace.

Grades 9–12 · Rhythm & musical structure

Which of these is the fastest tempo marking?

  1. andante
  2. adagio
  3. presto
  4. allegro
Answer and explanation

presto

Presto is very fast.

Grades 9–12 · Rhythm & musical structure

What does ritardando mean?

  1. played smoothly
  2. gradually slowing down
  3. suddenly very loud
  4. gradually speeding up
Answer and explanation

gradually slowing down

Ritardando (rit.) means gradually slower.

Study notes

Counting semitones

Study guide for Grades 8 to 12: 2 worked examples and 2 practice questions. A semitone (half step) is the smallest step on a piano keyboard. E to F and B to C are semitones with no black key between them.

Grades 8–12

Naming intervals

Study guide for Grades 9 to 12: 2 worked examples and 2 practice questions. Count letter names, including both ends, to get the number (third, fifth...).

Grades 9–12

Key signatures and relative minors

Study guide for Grades 8 to 12: 2 worked examples and 2 practice questions. Each major key shares its key signature with a relative minor three semitones lower. Sharps and flats are always added in a fixed order.

Grades 8–12

Tempo and duration

Study guide for Grades 9 to 12: 2 worked examples and 2 practice questions. Tempo is measured in beats per minute (BPM). Find the total beats, then convert beats to seconds.

Grades 9–12

Rhythm & musical structure · Quick reference

Reference sheet for Grades 8 to 12: 4 key ideas, including counting semitones, naming intervals and key signatures and relative minors. A semitone (half step) is the smallest step on a piano keyboard.

Grades 8–12

Reading dynamics and tempo markings

Study guide for Grades 9 to 12: 4 key ideas, including dynamics, changing dynamics and tempo; 2 worked examples and 3 practice questions. Italian terms that tell performers how loudly and how fast to play.

Grades 9–12

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