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Critical reasoning

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Sample exercises

Grades 9–12 · Critical reasoning

Does deductive validity alone guarantee that all premises are true?

  1. Only for long arguments
  2. No
  3. Yes, by definition
  4. Only for moral arguments
Answer and explanation

No

Validity concerns the logical relationship, not premise truth.

Grades 9–12 · Critical reasoning

What makes a deductive argument sound?

  1. Only a popular conclusion
  2. Validity plus true premises
  3. A large number of words
  4. A loud delivery
Answer and explanation

Validity plus true premises

Both form and premise truth matter.

Grades 9–12 · Critical reasoning

Why should an ethical argument identify affected groups?

Answer and explanation

Benefits, harms, rights and burdens may be distributed differently. Ignoring affected people can hide important considerations.

Credit distribution and stakeholder relevance.

Grades 9–12 · Critical reasoning

Which is a critique of reasoning rather than a personal attack?

  1. The author looks strange
  2. The conclusion needs an additional premise
  3. No one should listen because of appearance
  4. The speaker is worthless
Answer and explanation

The conclusion needs an additional premise

Challenge claims and inferences rather than attacking personal worth.

Grades 9–12 · Critical reasoning

Give one example of a tradeoff between two reasonable goals.

Answer and explanation

Protecting privacy while enabling useful research can create a tradeoff; a reasoned response explains safeguards, benefits and remaining risks.

Accept other justified goal conflicts.

Grades 9–12 · Critical reasoning

An argument lists 4 premises, but 1 is explicitly duplicated. Count distinct premises.

Answer and explanation

3

4−1=3 distinct statements in the stipulated case.

Study notes