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Philosophy & ethics

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Sample exercises

Grades 7–12 · Reasoning & perspectives

Which is primarily a factual premise?

  1. Fairness matters more than speed.
  2. Beauty is the only value.
  3. The fictional park closes at 8 p.m.
Answer and explanation

The fictional park closes at 8 p.m.

A closing time is a checkable factual claim in the scenario.

Grades 7–12 · Reasoning & perspectives

Which is a value judgment?

  1. The meeting lasted 30 minutes.
  2. Access should be prioritized over convenience in this decision.
  3. The map is 20 cm wide.
Answer and explanation

Access should be prioritized over convenience in this decision.

The statement evaluates what should matter more.

Grades 7–12 · Reasoning & perspectives

Why can people agree on facts but disagree about a decision?

Answer and explanation

They may weigh values, duties or consequences differently.

Identify a difference in priorities rather than assuming ignorance.

Grades 7–12 · Reasoning & perspectives

A proposal allocates 12 places equally among 3 groups. How many places does each group get?

Answer and explanation

4

12/3 = 4; whether this allocation is fair is a separate question.

Grades 7–12 · Reasoning & perspectives

Does an equal numerical division settle every question of fairness?

  1. No.
  2. Yes, always.
  3. Only if the total is even.
Answer and explanation

No.

Needs, rights and relevant context may also matter.

Grades 7–12 · Reasoning & perspectives

What makes a counterexample useful when evaluating a general claim?

Answer and explanation

It tests whether the claimed rule holds in a case it purports to cover.

An irrelevant case is not a valid counterexample.

Study notes