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Inorganic chemistry

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Sample exercises

Grades 8–11 · Inorganic chemistry

Which neutral formula matches Mg²⁺ and Cl⁻?

  1. MgCl
  2. MgCl₂
  3. Mg₂Cl
Answer and explanation

MgCl₂

One +2 ion requires two −1 ions.

Grades 8–11 · Inorganic chemistry

Which neutral formula matches Al³⁺ and O²⁻?

  1. AlO
  2. Al₃O₂
  3. Al₂O₃
Answer and explanation

Al₂O₃

Two Al ions give +6 and three oxide ions give −6.

Grades 8–11 · Inorganic chemistry

How many chloride ions balance one Fe³⁺ ion?

Answer and explanation

3

Three charges of −1 balance +3.

Grades 8–11 · Inorganic chemistry

In iron(III) chloride, what does III identify?

  1. The third isotope.
  2. The iron oxidation state +3.
  3. Three iron atoms in every formula.
Answer and explanation

The iron oxidation state +3.

The numeral specifies the oxidation state, not the atom count.

Grades 8–11 · Inorganic chemistry

Which formula matches Ca²⁺ and nitrate NO₃⁻?

  1. Ca₂NO₃
  2. Ca(NO₃)₂
  3. CaNO₃
Answer and explanation

Ca(NO₃)₂

Two nitrate ions are needed to balance one calcium ion.

Grades 8–11 · Inorganic chemistry

Why does an ionic formula usually represent a ratio rather than one separate molecule?

Answer and explanation

Many ionic solids are extended lattices, so the formula gives the simplest ion ratio.

Distinguish a formula unit from a discrete molecular unit.

Study notes