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Ecology & populations

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Sample exercises

Grades 4–8 · Ecology & populations

Using the stated convention, grass → rabbit means what?

  1. The rabbit obtains energy by eating grass.
  2. Grass eats the rabbit.
  3. The arrow means both are identical.
Answer and explanation

The rabbit obtains energy by eating grass.

The arrow points toward the energy recipient.

Grades 4–8 · Ecology & populations

Which is a primary producer in this simple land food chain?

  1. Grass.
  2. Rabbit.
  3. Fox.
Answer and explanation

Grass.

Grass produces organic matter using photosynthesis.

Grades 4–8 · Ecology & populations

Why is a food web often more realistic than one chain?

  1. Organisms can have multiple feeding relationships.
  2. Every predator eats exactly one species.
  3. Only one organism exists in nature.
Answer and explanation

Organisms can have multiple feeding relationships.

A web allows connected pathways.

Grades 4–8 · Ecology & populations

A stated model transfers 20% of 500 energy units to the next level. How many units are transferred?

Answer and explanation

100

0.20 × 500 = 100; the efficiency is supplied, not assumed universal.

Grades 4–8 · Ecology & populations

Why is it misleading to say energy cycles in exactly the same way as carbon atoms?

Answer and explanation

Energy is transferred and dissipated, while atoms can be reused across chemical forms.

Distinguish energy flow from matter cycling.

Grades 4–8 · Ecology & populations

What is a decomposer's role in a simple nutrient model?

  1. Breaking down organic material and helping recycle nutrients.
  2. Stopping every chemical reaction.
  3. Creating new atoms from nothing.
Answer and explanation

Breaking down organic material and helping recycle nutrients.

Decomposition transfers matter into reusable forms.

Study notes