Reading & writing · Grades 4–8
Evidence, inference and uncertainty
A stated detail is explicit; an inference combines clues with reasoning.
Understand the idea
Separate stated and inferred
A stated detail is explicit; an inference combines clues with reasoning.
Support the inference
Point to words that make the interpretation reasonable.
Leave uncertainty visible
A plausible interpretation is not automatically certain.
Worked examples
Text: Leo took an umbrella after seeing dark clouds. Which is directly stated?
Only the umbrella action is explicit.
Leo took an umbrella.
Text: Ina checked the clock three times while waiting by the door. Which inference is reasonable?
Repeated clock-checking supports concern about time but does not prove it.
Ina may be worried about time.
Try it yourself
Text: The cheering stopped when the result appeared. Give two plausible explanations.
Which phrase best signals appropriate uncertainty?
- No other explanation is possible...
- Everyone always...
- The clue suggests that...
- This proves every person...
Text: Jun returned the borrowed coat neatly folded. What might this suggest, and which detail supports it?
Which question asks for evidence?
- Do you like the character?
- What is your favourite colour?
- Which words support your interpretation?
- How long is your pencil?
Answers and marking notes
Answers and marking notes
- The result may have disappointed the crowd, or the crowd may have become quiet to read it.
Accept two interpretations consistent with the limited text.
- The clue suggests that...
Suggests allows for limited evidence.
- It may suggest care or consideration; neatly folded is the supporting detail.
Credit both a plausible inference and a text detail.
- Which words support your interpretation?
It explicitly requests support from the text.
Preview material · independent educational review required. Grade bands are approximate, not official curriculum alignment.