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Measurement & evidence

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Sample exercises

Grades 9–12 · Measurement & evidence

Which is the measured dependent variable in a stated light-versus-plant-height study?

  1. Only the lamp label.
  2. The investigator's favorite color.
  3. Plant height after the stated interval.
Answer and explanation

Plant height after the stated interval.

Height is the measured outcome in this design.

Grades 9–12 · Measurement & evidence

Do ten readings of one plant equal ten independently grown plants?

  1. Yes, always.
  2. Only if recorded in different pens.
  3. No.
Answer and explanation

No.

Technical repeats and biological replicates answer different variability questions.

Grades 9–12 · Measurement & evidence

Independent measured heights are 8, 10 and 12 cm. Find the mean.

Answer and explanation

10 cm

(8 + 10 + 12)/3 = 10 cm.

Grades 9–12 · Measurement & evidence

Why should water supply be controlled when comparing light treatments?

Answer and explanation

Water could affect growth and confound the light comparison.

A valid control reduces alternative explanations.

Grades 9–12 · Measurement & evidence

Does correlation between two variables alone establish causation?

  1. Only if the graph is colorful.
  2. Yes, any correlation proves cause.
  3. No.
Answer and explanation

No.

Confounding or reverse causation may explain an association.

Grades 9–12 · Measurement & evidence

Why should a classroom guide avoid unsupervised procedures on animals or people?

Answer and explanation

Welfare, consent, safety and appropriate oversight are required.

Use safe supplied data instead of invasive activities.

Study notes