Physics · University
Gauss-law electric flux · formula reference
Net flux through the entire closed surface depends on enclosed charge, not on external charges.
Formula
Net flux through the entire closed surface depends on enclosed charge, not on external charges.
ΦE = Qenclosed/ε₀
Worked example
A closed surface encloses -70 nC. Using ε₀=8.854×10⁻¹² F/m, find the net electric flux in N·m²/C. Round the final result to 4 decimal places if needed. Answer in N·m²/C.
Convert charge to -70×10⁻⁹ C and divide by ε₀. The sign follows the enclosed charge.
-7906.0312 N·m²/C
Prerequisites and checking
Algebra, calculus and the stated physical model. Keep units and rounding consistent. State the model conditions before applying the formula.
Further reading and review references
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