Biology · University
Population genetics and model assumptions · revision notes
Allele frequency counts copies of an allele, not just individuals carrying it. Diploid genotype counts require two allele copies per individual.
Key ideas and conditions
Alleles
Allele frequency counts copies of an allele, not just individuals carrying it. Diploid genotype counts require two allele copies per individual.
Equilibrium model
For two alleles with frequencies p and q, p+q=1. Hardy-Weinberg genotype proportions p²,2pq,q² require specific population-model assumptions.
Processes
Selection, drift, migration and mutation can alter allele frequencies. A small sample also introduces sampling variation.
Inference
An observed deviation from a simple model does not alone identify its cause. Consider sampling and alternative biological processes.
Explain without looking
- Expected heterozygote fraction is 0.5 in a model population of 200. Find expected count.
- Why does a dominant phenotype not always reveal a unique genotype?
Further reading and review references
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