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Mathematics · University

Descriptive statistics

The arithmetic average of numerical observations.

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Prerequisites

High-school algebra.

Study notes

Mean

The arithmetic average of numerical observations.

Median

The central ordered value or midpoint of the central pair.

Standard deviation

A measure of typical spread around the mean.

Quartile

A cut point dividing ordered data into four broad parts.

Worked examples

Which term best matches this description: The arithmetic average of numerical observations.

Mean is the matching concept in this lesson.

Mean

Which term best matches this description: The central ordered value or midpoint of the central pair.

Median is the matching concept in this lesson.

Median

Check your understanding

  1. Which concept would you apply first in a situation where a measure of typical spread around the mean.

    1. Mean
    2. Median
    3. Quartile
    4. Standard deviation

  2. Name the concept described as: A cut point dividing ordered data into four broad parts.

  3. Which statement about Mean is most accurate?

    1. The central ordered value or midpoint of the central pair.
    2. A measure of typical spread around the mean.
    3. The arithmetic average of numerical observations.
    4. A cut point dividing ordered data into four broad parts.

  4. Explain one important difference between Mean and Median.

Answers and marking guidance

Answers and marking notes
  1. Standard deviation

    The scenario directly calls for Standard deviation.

  2. Quartile

    The intended concept is Quartile.

  3. The arithmetic average of numerical observations.

    The definition in the lesson notes gives the required condition.

  4. Mean: The arithmetic average of numerical observations. Median: The central ordered value or midpoint of the central pair.

    Credit a clear distinction using both definitions and an appropriate example if supplied.

Further reading and review references

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