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Mathematics · University

Sampling and bias

The full group a study aims to describe.

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Prerequisites

High-school algebra.

Study notes

Population

The full group a study aims to describe.

Sample

The observed subset used to learn about a population.

Sampling bias

Systematic distortion caused by how observations are selected.

Random sample

A probability-based selection design that gives defined selection chances.

Worked examples

Which term best matches this description: The full group a study aims to describe.

Population is the matching concept in this lesson.

Population

Which term best matches this description: The observed subset used to learn about a population.

Sample is the matching concept in this lesson.

Sample

Check your understanding

  1. Which concept would you apply first in a situation where systematic distortion caused by how observations are selected.

    1. Population
    2. Random sample
    3. Sample
    4. Sampling bias

  2. Name the concept described as: A probability-based selection design that gives defined selection chances.

  3. Which statement about Population is most accurate?

    1. The full group a study aims to describe.
    2. A probability-based selection design that gives defined selection chances.
    3. Systematic distortion caused by how observations are selected.
    4. The observed subset used to learn about a population.

  4. Explain one important difference between Population and Sample.

Answers and marking guidance

Answers and marking notes
  1. Sampling bias

    The scenario directly calls for Sampling bias.

  2. Random sample

    The intended concept is Random sample.

  3. The full group a study aims to describe.

    The definition in the lesson notes gives the required condition.

  4. Population: The full group a study aims to describe. Sample: The observed subset used to learn about a population.

    Credit a clear distinction using both definitions and an appropriate example if supplied.

Further reading and review references

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