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Computer science · University

Inference and responsible interpretation

A statistical relationship that does not by itself establish causation.

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Prerequisites

Algebra and basic statistics.

Study notes

Association

A statistical relationship that does not by itself establish causation.

Confounder

A variable related to both an exposure and outcome that can distort interpretation.

Uncertainty

Quantified or described limits on what the available data establish.

Reproducibility

The ability to repeat an analysis from documented data and methods.

Worked examples

Which term best matches this description: A statistical relationship that does not by itself establish causation.

Association is the matching concept in this lesson.

Association

Which term best matches this description: A variable related to both an exposure and outcome that can distort interpretation.

Confounder is the matching concept in this lesson.

Confounder

Check your understanding

  1. Which concept would you apply first in a situation where quantified or described limits on what the available data establish.

    1. Uncertainty
    2. Association
    3. Confounder
    4. Reproducibility

  2. Name the concept described as: The ability to repeat an analysis from documented data and methods.

  3. Which statement about Association is most accurate?

    1. A variable related to both an exposure and outcome that can distort interpretation.
    2. The ability to repeat an analysis from documented data and methods.
    3. A statistical relationship that does not by itself establish causation.
    4. Quantified or described limits on what the available data establish.

  4. Explain one important difference between Association and Confounder.

Answers and marking guidance

Answers and marking notes
  1. Uncertainty

    The scenario directly calls for Uncertainty.

  2. Reproducibility

    The intended concept is Reproducibility.

  3. A statistical relationship that does not by itself establish causation.

    The definition in the lesson notes gives the required condition.

  4. Association: A statistical relationship that does not by itself establish causation. Confounder: A variable related to both an exposure and outcome that can distort interpretation.

    Credit a clear distinction using both definitions and an appropriate example if supplied.

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