Chemistry · Grades 8–12
Analytical chemistry · Formula reference 1
Formula reference
Rule and assumptions
Moles in an aliquot
For concentration in mol/L, convert the final solution volume from mL to L before multiplying.
n = cV; V(L) = V(mL)/1000
Amount and concentration
Divide moles of solute by the final solution volume in litres, not by solvent volume alone.
c = n/V
Dilution with conserved solute
Final volume is the total solution volume; assume no reaction or solute loss.
c₂ = c₁V₁/V₂
Mass percentage
Use total solution mass in the denominator: solute plus solvent. Multiply the fraction by 100.
mass % = solute mass / solution mass × 100
Mass of a pure component
Convert purity percent to a fraction before multiplying the total sample mass.
component mass = sample mass × purity/100
Further reading and review references
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Learning preview · independent educational and translation review required. Suggested grades are not official curriculum alignment.