Geography · Grades 2–7
Maps and geographical features · quick reference
Read the scale and key before interpreting a map. A flat map necessarily distorts some properties of Earth’s curved surface.
Key terms at a glance
Map key
The part of a map explaining what its symbols mean.
Map scale
The relationship between a map distance and the distance it represents.
Compass rose
A map symbol showing directions such as north, south, east and west.
Equator
The imaginary latitude circle at zero degrees, halfway between the poles.
Prime meridian
The conventional zero-degree reference for longitude.
Latitude
Angular distance north or south of the equator.
Longitude
Angular position east or west of the prime meridian.
Hemisphere
One half of a sphere, such as the northern half of Earth.
Peninsula
Land surrounded by water on most sides but joined to a larger landmass.
Island
Land surrounded by water.
Archipelago
A group or chain of islands.
Isthmus
A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas with water on either side.
Strait
A narrow water passage connecting larger bodies of water.
Delta
A sediment deposit formed where some rivers enter a larger body of water.
Tributary
A stream or river that flows into a larger river.
Estuary
A coastal water body where river water mixes with seawater.
Plateau
A broad elevated area with a relatively level surface.
Valley
A low area between higher land, often shaped by rivers or glaciers.
Contour line
A line on a map joining points of equal elevation.
Elevation
Height relative to a stated reference level, commonly sea level.
Further reading and review references
These are reference links, not copied exercises, institutional endorsement or proof of independent review.
Learning preview · teacher review required. Grade bands are approximate, not official curriculum alignment.