Physics · Grades 6–12
Motion & graphs · Formula reference 1
Formula reference
Rule and assumptions
Average speed over two stages
Add all distances and all elapsed times before dividing.
v̄ = (d₁ + d₂)/(t₁ + t₂)
Displacement and average velocity
Use consistent SI units and keep the stated direction convention.
v̄ = (x₂ − x₁)/Δt
Distance on a return journey
Distance adds path lengths; displacement uses the change in position.
distance = forward path + return path
Acceleration from two readings
Use consistent SI units and keep the stated direction convention.
a = (v₂ − v₁)/Δt
Velocity with constant acceleration
This equation requires constant acceleration over the interval.
v = u + at
Further reading and review references
These are reference links, not copied exercises, institutional endorsement or proof of independent review.
Learning preview · independent educational and translation review required. Suggested grades are not official curriculum alignment.