Physics · Grades 9–12
Momentum & collisions · Formula reference
Formula reference
Rule and assumptions
Signed linear momentum
Use consistent SI units and keep the stated direction convention.
p = mv
Objects stick together
For this isolated collision momentum is conserved; kinetic energy generally is not.
v = (m₁u₁ + m₂u₂)/(m₁ + m₂)
Impulse from velocity change
Use consistent SI units and keep the stated direction convention.
J = m(v − u)
Average force during contact
Convert milliseconds to seconds before dividing.
F̄ = Δp/Δt
Further reading and review references
These are reference links, not copied exercises, institutional endorsement or proof of independent review.
Learning preview · independent educational and translation review required. Suggested grades are not official curriculum alignment.