Physics · Grades 7–12
Pressure & fluids · Formula reference
Formula reference
Rule and assumptions
Pressure on a surface
Use the normal force and contact area in square metres.
p = F/A
Liquid pressure increase
This is pressure above the surface pressure, not absolute pressure.
Δp = ρgh
Buoyancy from displaced volume
Use the density of the fluid and displaced fluid volume, not the object’s density.
Fᵦ = ρgV
Further reading and review references
These are reference links, not copied exercises, institutional endorsement or proof of independent review.
Learning preview · independent educational and translation review required. Suggested grades are not official curriculum alignment.