Physics · Grades 8–11
Kinetic and gravitational potential energy · Revision sheet
Check squared speed, vertical height and energy reference levels.
Learn the idea
Kinetic energy
Translational kinetic energy is one half mass times speed squared in the classical model.
Gravitational change
Near a surface with constant g, raising a mass by vertical height h increases potential energy by mgh.
Reference level
A potential-energy value depends on the chosen zero. Differences remain physically useful.
Conversion
Energy may move between kinetic and potential stores while some transfers go to the surroundings.
Explain without looking
- A rolling object ends lower but slower. Does that automatically violate energy conservation?
- Potential energy decreases by 80 J while kinetic energy increases by 60 J. Find energy transferred elsewhere.
Further reading and review references
These are reference links, not copied exercises, institutional endorsement or proof of independent review.
Independent educational review required. Grade bands are approximate; these are not officially aligned curricula.