Physics · Grades 9–12
Physics evidence: uncertainty and proportionality · Revision sheet
Interpret patterns without turning a short dataset into proof.
Learn the idea
Variables
Distinguish the deliberately changed variable, the measured response and controlled conditions.
Proportionality
A straight line through the origin supports direct proportionality over the measured range; other straight lines do not.
Uncertainty
Repeat variation and instrument limits affect confidence. A model fit does not remove measurement uncertainty.
Claims
Use language such as consistent with the model within this range, and identify possible alternative explanations.
Explain without looking
- A theoretical value is 50 and a measured value is 48. Find absolute percentage error using 50 as reference.
- Rewrite these data prove the law forever as a more defensible claim.
Further reading and review references
These are reference links, not copied exercises, institutional endorsement or proof of independent review.
Independent educational review required. Grade bands are approximate; these are not officially aligned curricula.