Chemistry · Grades 9–12
Acids, bases and logarithmic pH · Revision sheet
State the model, temperature and difference between strength and concentration.
Learn the idea
Brønsted–Lowry
An acid donates a proton and a base accepts one.
pH
For dilute idealized aqueous school problems, pH ≈ −log₁₀[H₃O⁺], with concentration in mol/L relative to the standard state.
Strength
Strong describes extent of ionization under the stated conditions; concentrated describes amount per volume.
Water
At 25 °C in the familiar dilute model, pH + pOH ≈ 14. Neutral pH changes with temperature.
Explain without looking
- In HA + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + A⁻, what is the conjugate base of HA?
- Why is tasting a sample not an acceptable test for whether it is acidic?
Further reading and review references
These are reference links, not copied exercises, institutional endorsement or proof of independent review.
Independent educational review required. Grade bands are approximate; these are not officially aligned curricula.