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Mathematics · Grades 6–10

Summaries, spread and missing context

Choose a numerical summary that matches the question and the data.

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Learn the idea

Mean

Add all observations and divide by the number of observations.

Median

Order the observations. For an even count, average the two middle values.

Spread

The range is maximum minus minimum; it uses only the extremes.

Context

A summary does not reveal a full distribution or explain why values differ.

Worked examples

Find the mean of 4, 6, 8 and 10.

The sum is 28; divide by four observations.

7

Find the median of 9, 2, 6, 4 and 30.

The ordered list is 2, 4, 6, 9, 30; the middle observation is 6.

6

Check your understanding

  1. Find the range of 12, 12, 15 and 21.

  2. Which summary of 2, 3, 4, 5, 100 changes least if 100 becomes 1000?

    1. The mean
    2. The range
    3. The median

  3. The mean of five observations is 12. What is their sum?

Answers and marking notes

Answers and marking notes
  1. 9

    21 − 12 = 9.

  2. The median

    The middle ordered observation remains 4.

  3. 60

    Sum = mean × count = 12 × 5.

Further reading and review references

These are reference links, not copied exercises, institutional endorsement or proof of independent review.

Independent educational review required. Grade bands are approximate; these are not officially aligned curricula.