StudyBrixFree worksheets, study guides and courses

Science · Grades 4–9

Earth systems

20 key concepts, retrieval questions and a learning checkpoint.

Make a worksheet

Start here

Weathering breaks material down; erosion transports it. These processes can happen together, but they are not the same.

Build your vocabulary

Crust

Earth's thin outermost solid rocky layer.

Mantle

The thick rocky region between Earth's crust and core.

Outer core

The mostly liquid metallic layer surrounding Earth's inner core.

Inner core

Earth's solid central metallic region.

Plate tectonics

The model describing movement and interaction of Earth's lithospheric plates.

Weathering

The breakdown of rock in place at or near Earth's surface.

Erosion

Removal and transport of material by agents such as water, wind or ice.

Deposition of sediment

The settling or accumulation of transported sediment.

Igneous rock

Rock formed as magma or lava cools and solidifies.

Sedimentary rock

Rock formed from deposited material or chemical precipitation that becomes consolidated.

Metamorphic rock

Rock changed by heat, pressure or fluids without fully melting.

Magma

Molten or partly molten rock below Earth's surface.

Lava

Molten rock that has reached Earth's surface.

Water cycle

The ongoing movement of water among Earth's reservoirs.

Precipitation

Water falling from clouds as rain, snow or other forms.

Transpiration

Loss of water vapour from a plant, mainly through its leaves.

Runoff

Water flowing over the land surface.

Groundwater

Water stored in saturated spaces beneath the ground.

Weather

Atmospheric conditions at a particular place and time.

Climate

Long-term patterns and statistics of weather in a region.

Test your recall

  1. Earth systems: which term fits this description? Earth's thin outermost solid rocky layer.

    1. Weathering
    2. Lava
    3. Crust
    4. Precipitation

  2. Earth systems: which term fits this description? The thick rocky region between Earth's crust and core.

    1. Climate
    2. Weather
    3. Igneous rock
    4. Mantle

  3. Earth systems: which term fits this description? The mostly liquid metallic layer surrounding Earth's inner core.

    1. Weathering
    2. Outer core
    3. Water cycle
    4. Runoff

Check and explain

Answers and marking notes
  1. Crust

    Crust: Earth's thin outermost solid rocky layer.

  2. Mantle

    Mantle: The thick rocky region between Earth's crust and core.

  3. Outer core

    Outer core: The mostly liquid metallic layer surrounding Earth's inner core.

Further reading and review references

These are reference links, not copied exercises, institutional endorsement or proof of independent review.

Learning preview · teacher review required. Grade bands are approximate, not official curriculum alignment.